LINK TO SOURCE AND FULL TEXT: https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2010.2325

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION:

IN MODERN TIMES THE CONCEPT OF FREE WILL HAS EVOLVED FROM A THEOLOGICAL AND METAPHYSICAL CONCEPT TO A STUDY OF THE FUNCTION OF THE BRAIN IN TERMS NEURONS, CIRCUITS, AND COGNITION AND THEIR INTER-RELATIONSHIPS. TODAY, FREE WILL IS NO LONGER A METAPHYSICAL OR BIBLICAL CONCEPT. IT SIMPLY DEFINES HOW THE BRAIN RESPONDS TO EXTERNAL STIMULI. WHEN STUDIED IN THAT WAY WE FIND THAT ANIMALS ALSO HAVE BRAINS WITH THE SAME BRAIN FUNCTION CATEGORIES AND THEREFORE, THE CONCEPT OF FREE WILL CAN NO LONGER BE LIMITED TO HUMANS. AS SEEN IN THE IMAGES ABOVE, THIS DEFINITION OF FREE WILL IS FOUND EVEN IN FRUIT FLIES.